Using APC as a test case for how to determine console operator information needs, this project resulted in a handbook that members can use to execute a cognitive task analysis.
The study aimed to understand the cognitive challenges faced by console operators managing advanced process control (APC) software in routine and non-routine situations, with a focus on leveraging APC strengths and recognizing its limitations. A cognitive task analysis was conducted using interviews and observations at an INVISTA plant, employing methods like the Critical Decision method, Knowledge Audit, and Simulation Interview technique to elicit critical incidents and decision strategies. Findings revealed key cognitive requirements for operators, such as troubleshooting, problem-solving, and anticipating future problems, as well as APC-specific requirements like determining when to turn on/off the APC and adjusting targets. Future research could extend these findings to other contexts, and recommendations include participatory design for user interface improvements and training enhancements to support operator decision-making.
Improving human performance requires an understanding of the work that is being performed. This is typically done via task analysis or, for jobs with low physical demands, cognitive task analysis (CTA). The COP would benefit from having a CTA guide that members could use. Since an area of need is that of the demands of advanced process control (APC), it is suggested that it be the example/test case for the CTA development.
• How can I determine the information needs of my operators?
• How would I conduct a task analysis?
• How can operating companies conduct CTA in an efficient manner (cost/time?)
• Can task analysis work for interactions with more complex automation?
Advance process control is a program that continuously monitors key variables and makes adjustments to numerous other variables to maximize plant or unit performance. Due to the complexity, APC often is considered a “black box” by many operators.
The Data to Information Handbook published by the COP recommended conducting a task analysis to determine which information should be included on different display levels. A brief description of a CTA technique was provided as an appendix, with little explanation on how to apply it. In the same book, little information was provided on the display requirements for APC. As the COP DTI working group assessed graphics, they did not find examples of well-designed APC graphics for operators.
The deliverables are a final report and briefing detailing the methods, findings, and implication for interface design and training along with a Guide to Conducting CTA for member use.